EU Grid Carbon Factor Lookup (Scope 2)

Pick an EU country and year to see the location-based grid electricity emission factor (kg CO2e per kWh) used for CSRD and vSME Scope 2 reporting. Includes the 2020–2025 trend and a neighbor comparison.

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kg CO2e per kWh · location-based factor
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How it compares to neighbors

Select a country to see a worked example.
Want a full Scope 1 + 2 calculation? Use our vSME-compatible Scope 1+2 calculator →
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Approximations based on public IEA data and national TSO disclosures. For audit-grade Scope 2 use the official IEA Emissions from Fuel Combustion dataset. For market-based accounting, use your electricity supplier's certified residual-mix or product factor.
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What Is a Grid Emission Factor

A grid emission factor is the average greenhouse-gas intensity of the electricity delivered to consumers in a given country, expressed in kilograms of CO2 equivalent per kilowatt-hour (kg CO2e/kWh). It blends all generation sources on the national grid — coal, gas, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar — weighted by how much each contributed during the reporting year. Sweden, Norway, France and Switzerland have low factors because their grids are dominated by hydro and nuclear. Poland, Cyprus and Estonia remain high because coal, oil-shale and heavy fuel oil still supply a large share of generation. Last updated: 2026-04 with IEA 2025 data.

Why It Matters for CSRD Scope 2

Under the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS E1) and the vSME voluntary standard for SMEs, every reporting company must disclose Scope 2 emissions — the indirect emissions from purchased electricity, steam, heat and cooling. The grid emission factor is the multiplier that converts your kWh consumption into tonnes of CO2e. A manufacturer in Poland with the same electricity bill as a competitor in Sweden will report roughly 26x higher Scope 2 emissions purely because of grid mix. Choosing the right factor, citing the right vintage year, and documenting the source are all auditable requirements in a CSRD assurance review.

Location-Based vs Market-Based

CSRD requires dual reporting. The location-based method uses the average grid factor for the country where the electricity is consumed — that is what this lookup provides. The market-based method uses supplier-specific factors, residual mix factors or Guarantees of Origin (GOs) that reflect contractual instruments you actually purchased. A company with a 100% renewable PPA can report near-zero market-based Scope 2 while still reporting a location-based figure tied to the national grid. Both must appear in the sustainability statement, and the gap between them is itself a useful disclosure.

How to Use This Lookup in Your Report

Pick your country and the reporting year that matches your financial year. Multiply the factor by your total purchased electricity in kWh to get tonnes of CO2e. Document three things in your methodology note: the country, the vintage year of the factor, and the source (IEA or national TSO). If you operate across multiple EU countries, apply each country's factor to the electricity consumed in that country — never average them. For a quick end-to-end calculation including Scope 1 fuels and refrigerants, move on to our Scope 1+2 SME calculator.