2028 HSA Contribution Limit
2028 HSA limits (projected): $4,400 self-only HDHP, $8,850 family HDHP, +$1,000 catch-up at 55. Last-month rule lets you contribute full year if HDHP on Dec 1.
| Base limit (coverage) | — |
| Age 55+ catch-up | — |
| Full-year max | — |
| Months covered | — |
| 2028 allowed (pro-rated) | — |
The 2028 HSA contribution limits are projected at $4,400 self-only and $8,850 family HDHP coverage. Age 55+ catch-up: $1,000 (statutory, not COLA-adjusted). The last-month rule lets you contribute the full year limit if you have HDHP coverage on December 1, 2028 — but requires staying HDHP-eligible the following 13-month testing period.
Triple Tax Advantage
HSA contributions: (1) tax-deductible going in (or pre-tax via payroll), (2) tax-free growth inside the account, (3) tax-free withdrawal for qualified medical expenses. After 65, non-medical withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income (like a traditional IRA) — penalty-free. Best retirement vehicle if you don't need the funds for medical.
Last-Month Rule + Testing
If HDHP-eligible on Dec 1, 2028, you can contribute the full year. But you must remain HDHP-eligible through Dec 31, 2029 (13-month testing period). Otherwise, the over-contribution becomes taxable income plus 10% penalty.
HSA vs FSA
HSA: tied to HDHP, balance rolls over, you own it forever, can invest. FSA: any health plan, mostly use-it-or-lose-it, employer owns until used. HSA wins for long-term savings.
Last updated May 2026. Sources: IRS Pub 969.