US 2028 Roth Conversion Ladder

Heads up: official 2028 figures have not been announced yet — this tool uses projections from the latest confirmed rates and current law. We update it as soon as official numbers are published.

Roth ladder 2028: convert IRA → Roth annually. 5-year wait per conversion. Withdraw conversions tax/penalty-free for early retirement.

Traditional IRA balance ($)

Current taxable income ($)

Years to retirement

Per Year

—

Total Tax

—

Convert per year	—
Tax bracket	—
Total tax cost over period	—

Roth conversion ladder enables early retirement (before 59½) by accessing 401(k)/IRA assets penalty-free. Convert IRA to Roth in equal annual installments, wait 5 years per conversion, then withdraw conversion contributions (not earnings) penalty-free + tax-free.

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Last updated May 2026. Sources: IRS Pub 590-A.