US 2028 ACA Premium Subsidy
2028 ACA subsidy: capped at 400% FPL unless Congress extends IRA subsidies. Pre-IRA: subsidy cliffs at $58.3k single / $120k family (400% FPL).
| % of FPL | — |
| 400% FPL cliff | — |
| Monthly subsidy | — |
| Net monthly premium | — |
| Annual subsidy | — |
ACA premium tax credit 2028 reverts to pre-2021 structure: subsidies cap at 400% of Federal Poverty Level (FPL). Enhanced subsidies under American Rescue Plan + Inflation Reduction Act extended through 2025 — would expire Dec 31, 2025. Cliff at 400% FPL = lose all subsidies. Major political battle to extend likely 2025-26.
400% FPL Cliff
Pre-IRA: above 400% FPL = $0 subsidy (cliff). 401% FPL family with $20,000 premium = pay full $20k. Below 400% FPL = capped at 8.5% income (under IRA). 2028 = back to cliff unless extended.
IRA Extension Uncertainty
Inflation Reduction Act extended enhanced subsidies through 2025. Without further action, expire Dec 31, 2025. Estimated 4M+ Americans lose ACA coverage if not extended. Major Congressional fight likely fall 2025 budget cycle.
FPL Calculation
2028 FPL (projected): $16,060 single + $5,500 per additional household member. 100% FPL: poverty level. 138% FPL = Medicaid expansion threshold (eligible states). 400% FPL = ACA cliff.
Last updated May 2026. Sources: Healthcare.gov.