Quarterly 1040-ES Estimated Payment Calculator 2027
Calculate 2027 quarterly estimated tax (1040-ES) payments — required if you owe $1k+. Safe-harbor 100%/110% prior year rule for self-employed and side hustlers.
Who Must Pay Estimated Tax
Self-employed, freelancers, landlords, investors, retirees with portfolio income. Required if you'll owe $1,000+ when filing. W2 with adequate withholding usually safe.
Safe-Harbor Rules
Pay the LESSER of: 90% of current year tax OR 100% of prior year tax (110% if prior AGI > $150k). Avoids underpayment penalty regardless of actual tax.
2027 Quarterly Due Dates
Q1: April 15, 2027 (covers Jan-Mar). Q2: June 15, 2027 (covers Apr-May, weird 2-month). Q3: Sept 15, 2027 (covers Jun-Aug). Q4: January 15, 2028 (covers Sep-Dec).
Underpayment Penalty
IRS charges short-term federal rate + 3% (~8% in 2027). Calculated per quarter on amount underpaid. File Form 2210 to compute. Annualized income exception for irregular cash flow.
Source: irs.gov Form 1040-ES instructions 2027. Last updated: May 2026.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I pay all in Q1?
Yes. Paying upfront eliminates underpayment penalty risk. Just don't claim refundable for the cash — IRS holds it interest-free.
What if I overpay?
Refund at tax filing OR roll forward to next year's Q1 estimated. Most freelancers roll forward — no need to send check Apr 15 if last year overpaid.
Does state need estimated too?
Most income-tax states require their own quarterly. Same dates usually. Check your state DOR website.